Disaster Management Class 02

OVERVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS CLASS (01:12 PM)

TYPES OF HAZARD (01:15 PM)

• HUMAN-INDUCED HAZARD
• (CBRN) Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear hazards.
• Please refer to the NDMA document as suggested by the faculty.

VULNERABILITY (01:27 PM)

• Vulnerability involves the affected (Both living and non-living).
• Living could be humans and other species.
• Non-living includes all the structures (Residential, Transport, and other infrastructure)  and the system we create.
• Vulnerability is the level to which a hazard can adversely affect something.

TYPES OF VULNERABILITY (01:35 PM)

• 1)Material vulnerability 
• Also called economic vulnerability.
• It simply means inadequate access to resources.
• 2)Physical vulnerability
• It can be for both living and non-living.
• Non-living means the strength of the structures.
• 3)Social vulnerability
• It is the lack of the availability of a society to work for its own welfare in the face of adversities.
• It is reduced by creating social capital. Trust is the currency we create and exchange to create social capital.
• 4)Ecological vulnerability (02:01 PM)
• How vulnerable and capable the ecosystem is.
• 5)Organizational vulnerability
• Also called institutional vulnerability.
• It implies that the organization might be working properly during normal conditions but is not properly fine-tuned to function properly during a hazardous situation.
• 6)Educational vulnerability
• When people are not told what to do and they do not have access to information in the case of hazard of what they are supposed to do to save themselves.
• 7)Attitudinal/Motivational vulnerability
• It is the lack of awareness and interest.
• 8)Political vulnerability
• Limited access to power and representation.
• 9)Cultural vulnerability
• Performing certain rituals during monsoon can be an example.

CAUSES OF VULNERABILITY (02:27 PM)

• 1)Rapid population growth: we have intensified in the vulnerable areas such as coastal areas, and volcanoes (as volcanic eruption develops good soil)
• 2)Environmental degradation by deforestation, poor land use,over-cultivation increasing ecological vulnerability
• 3)Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation.
• 4)Gender inequality where women generally have the responsibility of saving the weaker ones at home while the men are at the workplace.
• 5)War and internal security situations increase vulnerability.
• 6)Absence of preventive and preparedness measures.
• 7)Neglect of developmental issues.

RISK (02:42 PM)

• Risk is equal to Hazard * Vulnerability/Capacity.
• If the hazard is high risk will be high.
• If the hazard is low risk will be low.
• If the vulnerability is low risk will be low.
• If the capacity is high the risk will be low.
• Risk assessment is to identify whether the risk is high or low.
• Risk assessment is finding the level of risk depending on the basis of analysing the level of hazard, vulnerability, and the level of capacity.
• Risk reduction can be achieved by reducing the hazard, and vulnerability and increasing the capacity.

DISASTER (03:16 PM)

• It's an event process or outcome that substantially adversely affects life both human and non-human damage and disruption of property and degradation of the environment i.e. natural things and is of such a magnitude or scale i.e. generally beyond the coping capacity of the affected.
• UN definition and the DM Act 2005 definition, to be read as suggested by the faculty.

CAUSES OF DISASTER 

• The causes of man-made disasters are similar to the causes of increasing vulnerability.
• Poverty, population growth, industrialization, environmental degradation, war, and lack of developmental focus.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT(DM) (03:25 PM)

• PERSPECTIVE OF DM 
• 1)REACTIVE/TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO DM
• The action starts with Rescuing the people.
• Rescue also has a category, rescue the weaker first.
• Relief -Different kinds of relief like medical, and psychological relief.
• Send them to the rehab center, rehab which is a temporary shelter.
• Reconstruction begins after rehab is done.
• This approach is traditional because this is how we generally react, Acting after a disaster.
• No development is taking place, just the repetitive task of getting back to normal is done, so this approach is a non-developmental approach.
• 2)PRE-DISASTER APPROACH
• Firstly we try to mitigate which includes either completely prevent or reduce.
• Mock drills activity.

The topic for the next class:International Measures and National Measures to DM.

Questions for practice

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1)

Write short note on preparedness aspects of disaster management. (10 marks/150 words).

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2)

What are the types of vulnerability? (10 Marks/150 Words)

Q1.

Vulnerability is an essential element for defining disaster impacts and their threat to people. How and in what ways can vulnerability to disasters be characterized? Discuss different types of vulnerability with reference to disasters. (10 Marks/150 Words)

(10 marks)