Map Class 03

 Map Class 03

BRIEF OVERVIEW OF PREVIOUS CLASS (1:13 PM)

POLAR REGIONS (1:16 PM)

• Arctic:
• Arctic Council: Russia, Canada, USA, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland. 
• Himadri is the station of India on Svalbard island. 
• Antarctica:
• The first country to reach Antarctica was Russia. 
• Coldest, windiest and driest continent
• It is also called as 'white continent' because less than 2% of it has land and the rest is covered with Ice. 
• It has a 4 km thick ice sheet. 
• This region is devoid is mainly devoid of life except for Emperor Penguin. 
• The Antarctic Treaty System (1960) declared Antarctica as a scientific preserve and banned all military activities. 
• Three stations in India: 
• First station - Dakshin Gangotri 
• Second station - Maithri 
• Third - Bharti 
• Vinson Massif is the highest point in Antarctica. 
• Ice shelf:
• Weddell sea ice shelf
• Amundsen sea ice shelf 
• Ross sea ice shelf 
• Poles: 
• The south magnetic pole is at Dumont d'Urville (France)
• The south pole is at Amundsen Scott 
• The north magnetic pole is at Elizabeth island 
• Tropic of Cancer:  Mexico, Bahamas, Mauritania, Mali, Algeria, Niger, Libya, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma), People's Republic of China, Taiwan, and Southern Ryukyu Islands of Japan.
• Tropic of Capricorn:  Argentina, Australia, Botswana, Brazil, Chile, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, New Zealand, Paraguay, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
• Equator: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, São Tomé and Príncipe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, and Indonesia.

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE WORLD (2:10 PM)

IMPORTANT MOUNTAINS OF THE WORLD

• Pre-Cambrian Mountains:
• These are the oldest mountain
• Example - Laurentian Mountains.
• Caledonian Mountains:
• For example - the Appalachian Mountains, the Aravalis Mountains, and the Great Dividing Range (highest point - Mt Kosciusko).
• Appalachian Mountain is rich in Iron and coal, It extends from the USA to Canada. 
• Hercynian Mountains:
• This mountain formed between 300 to 250 million years ago. 
• This resulted in the formation of Block Mountain. 
• Carboniferous period.
• Block mountains: For example - Vindhya and Satpura, Black Forest, Vosges (Rhine flow between black forest and Vosges), Ural (the boundary between Asia and Europe), Altai and Tian Shan.
• Alpine Mountains: It is a tertiary mountain. 
• Tertiary mountain: 
• Mountains of Asia:
• For example-  the Himalayas, Pamir Knot, Armenian Knot, Karakoram range, Kunlun Shan, Hindukush, Suleiman, Kirtar range, Arakan Yoma, and Pegu Yoma, Elburz mountains, Zagros, Caucasus, Tauras, etc. 
• Plateaus:
• Anatolia Plateau
• Plateau of Tibet:
• It is the cold as the roof of the world.
• The average plateau height  is about 4500m
• It is the highest and largest plateau because of the partial subduction of the continental plate. 
• Steppes plains: Saiga deer
• Loess are found in this plateau 
• Yellow River flows through this plateau. 
• Manchurian Plain - Amu River flows through here. 
• Europe: 
• Alps: Highest peak- Mount Blanc. 
• Matterhorn Peak- located between Italy and Switzerland)
• Jura Mountain (not tertiary)
• Africa:
• Atlas Mountains
• Mt. Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa. It is not part of any mountain range and it has snow throughout the year. 
• Mt Kenya is located on the equator. 
• Regions in Africa:
• The Sahara desert in the north
• Congo Basin near the equator
• East African Valley in the east,
• Sudan grassland 
• The Sahel between Sudan and the Sahara
• The southern part is rich in Minerals 
• Plateaus in Africa: 
• Katanga Plateau- Copper and Diamond.
• Drakensberg in South Africa.
• Ethiopian Highlands--coffee.
• North America:
• Rocky Mountains, Cascade Mountains, Coast Range, Sierra Nevada, Sierra Madre.
• Alaska Range-- Highest peak is the Rocky Mountains.
• Great plains
• Intermontane plateau: Columbai and Colarado plateau 
• Canadian Shield - Hudson Bay is part of this. 
• South America:
• Andes, Cordillera, Mt Acouncagua.
• Andes- Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile Bolivia, Argentina.
• Plateau:
• Brazilian highlands-- Coffee Production.
• Bolivian Plateau--- Alti Plano.
• Pantanal- World's largest tropical wetland.
• Selvas- tropical rainforests of Amazon.
• Llanos- venezuela, Mato Grasso- Brazil.
• Gran Chaco, Pampas.
• Pampas- ranching.
• Alfa Alfa grass in Pampas.
• Australia: 
• Plateau - Kimberly 
• Darling Range 
• Darlings Downs (temperate grassland known for ship rearing) - Murray and Darling River. 
• Uluru rocks (the world's largest monolith)

DESERT (4:00 PM)

• Africa:
• Sahara Desert- Erg, Hamada, Libyan desert, Nubian desert, Eastern desert, Sahel desert.
• Namib Desert
• Kalahari Desert
• Bushmen tribe live in the Kalahari tribes.
• Okwango Swamp is a part of the Kalahari desert.
• Asia:
• Rub-Al-Khali.
• Dasht-e-Kavir (largest salt pans).
• Dasht-e-Lut.
• Thar desert.
• Takla Makan-cold desert, formed because of continentality. 
• Gobi desert- the cold desert.
• Australia:
• Great Victoria desert.
• Gibson desert.
• Great sandy desert.
• The Tanami Desert.
• Simpson Desert.
• North America:
• Mojave Desert
• Sonoran Desert
• South America:
• Atacama desert- Copper mines and nitrates; Driest desert in the world. 
• Arica is the driest place on earth. 
• Patagonian desert

The topic for the next class: Rivers, lakes and economic aspects.