The land revenue system of the Mughals

 The land revenue system of the Mughals

Zamindars - Zamindars collected Land revenue and had police duties and in return for their service, they got a commission.

Therefore Zamindar was not the owner of the land from which he collected Land revenue.

Zamindar had Vatan(hereditary) right of revenue collection.

He would collect Land revenue from others' land but would also pay land revenue from his lands( which were called Milkiyat).

Nankar lands - These were the land of Zamindars which were declared tax-free/revenue-free in return for providing service of revenue collection.

Primary Zamindars - They collected land revenue from peasants/ryots/ actual cultivators.

He also collected Abwab(additional levies) over and above the land revenue from peasants.

Ryots paid land revenue as per the recorded % in Pattas(documents), therefore Patta system prevented over-extraction.

Intermediary zamindars - They collected land revenue from the Primary Zamindars.

Then passed it on to Jagirdars or the state.